Hubert de Givenchy Essay -- Biography

A.Background of the designer. Hubert de Givenchy was born on February 20, 1927 in Beauvais, France. When he was young his father died, leaving him to be raised by his mother and grandfather. His besotted family never approved of Givenchys love for fashion and instead cherished him to attend college and pursue a career in law. Eventually he attend college achieving his career in law but realized his love for fabrics and fashion was stronger (In influential fashion, 2002).Givenchys love for fashion grew when at the age of ten he attended the Pavillon d Elegance Paris Exposition. Once looking through Vogue magazine, he was inspired by Balenciaga mens wear. He wanted to be a couturier and attended Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris, to start a formal education in fashion. His designing inspirations came from Elsa Schiaparelli and Madam Gress work. His suffer also came from working at the House of Piguet in Paris this salon was know for its dramatic yet simple style and after, at the Hou se of Lelong that was cognize for their high quality clothing. Those positions gave him knowledge on how to work with couture customers and gave him an opportunity to build strong relationships with them (Press, 2002).At age 25 he opened his first arrangement and it was a big success, inspired by his mentor Balenciaga. The collection was based on evening wear as well as economical uncontaminating cotton wool shirts that were both inexpensive and fresh-looking. After that collection, his name was recognizable and his biggest success was the Bettina blouse named after the famous Paris top model. This blouse was his signature piece in his cotton collection. Givenchys philosophy was Keep it simple. Eliminate everything that interferes with the line. ... ...on to $20 million has been labeled for advertising worldwide. (Born, 2010)Most of Givenchys collections produced and designed in Italy and produced in France by outfit manufacturer Bidermann. His designs of junior sportswear tha t was made by American manufactures with American fabrics.E. Givenchys influence in Fashion Givenchy greatly influenced the fashion world. He is known for his classic dresses, elegance, glamour, and flowing lines. His designs in the 50s and 60s are the base of classic. Some of his vintage dresses can frequently be seen on the red carpets. He helped Audrey Hepburn to shape her unusual style and made it flawless. Her little black dress from movie Breakfast at Tiffanys made a history and opened a crude chapter in the fashion world. House of Givenchy is on a new chapter with Italian Riccardo Tisci continuous Givenchys elegant style.

Internet Gambling Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Abstract Internet romp has become one of the hottest areas of the web, both in the sheer volume of sites and quantity of money involved. Increasing contest is accompanying this new industry, as federal and state government officials scramble to update legislation that restricts interstate wagering. This paper examines the roots of Internet gambling and exposes some(prenominal) of the motivations driving the heated debate over its legitimacy. The business-to-consumer sector of the Internet commerce arena contains the most lucrative and fastest growing web-based industry online gambling, which includes sports wagering, casino-style games and lotteries 1. In a September 11th article from last year, Wired on-line reported statistics from Websense, which tallied over 21, 000 websites devoted to gambling - a figure up 169% from the total skillful six months prior 2. Later in the article, web research specialists Christiansen Capital Advisors predict that Internet gambling s ites will earn $2.2 billion in 2000, take over the figure from 1999 and four times the 1997 sum 3. The number of Internet gamblers continues to rise above its 1998 mark of 14.5 million 4. Not surprisingly, the increasing presence of the Internet gambling industry has generated tremendous legal controversy, since residents of states that outlaw gambling partially or entirely can access gaming servers located anywhere. In 1998, Republican Senator Jon Kyl from genus Arizona brought the controversial Internet Gambling Prohibition Act to the Senate, which would make it unlawful for any person engaged in a gambling business to wittingly use the Internet or any other interactive computer service to (1) place, receive, or otherwise make a bet... ...From http//news.cnet.com/news/0-1005-200-344707.html?tag=rltdnws) 12. Marinaccio, Wendy. stark naked York gambling ruling sets precedent. July 29, 1999. (From http//cnet.com/news/0-1005-200-345504.html) 13. Krigel, Beth Lipton. New York court rules Net gambling illegal. July 26, 1999. (From http//news.cnet.com/news/0,10000,0-1005-200-345356,00.html) 14. Farmer, Melanie Austria. Nevada to permit sports gambling on the Web. October 13, 2000. (From http//cnet.com/news/0-1007-200-3183887.html?tag=st.ne.1002.bgif.ni) 15. Mariano, Gwendolyn. Atlantic urban center makes a gamble for online betting. January 19, 2001. (From http//news.cnet.com/news/0-1005-200-4537570.html) 16. Beyer, Andrew. Internet Gambling Bill All Bets Are Off. July 25, 1998. (From http//washingtonpost.com/wpsrv/national/longterm/intgambling/stories/opinion072598.htm)

Geroge Patton :: Essays Papers

Geroge PattonI am going to talk about the Pattons life in general. This includes his child hood, education, his troopscareer, and his involvement in the world wars.George was born on a ranch on November 11, 1885 in SanGabriel, California. He went to school in Pasadena and ulterior to the Virginia Military build from 1903-1904. Hewas not a good student, but he was an excellent sailor. Hewas also a great track athlete. He took part in theOlympics at Stockholm in 1912 and set a world record intarget shooting. He also won premierely or uphold place inswimming, horsemanship, and racing.On May 26, 1910 George married Beatrice Ayer of Boston. They had 1 son and 2 daughters. The son went to West Pointin 1942 and both(prenominal) daughters married multitude men.In 1904 he was appointed to the get together States MilitaryAcademy. He graduated in 1909 and was commissioned tosecond lieutenant of Calvary.He was first involved in an expedition in Mexico as anaide to General Pershing in 1917. He was a member ofPershings staff and went to France and studied French Tank tactical manoeuvre and the French Tank School. During ball War 1, he started a tank training schooland commanded a tank brigade. He was awarded the noble Service plunder for his courge, energy, andintelligence in directing the advance of his brigade in1918. From 1919-1928, he commanded and trained severaldifferent brigade units around the United States. From1928-1931, he served in Washington D.C. as the Chief ofCalvery. He commanded many different calvalry units from1932-1938. During this time he earned the permanent rank ofLieutenant Colonel.During World War 2, he commanded U.S. forces inMorocco, Tunisia, and Sicily. In 1944 he was given command of the third army. Thethird army broke through the German defense and go onacross France. In March 1945, they crossed the Rhine riverGeroge Patton Essays PapersGeroge PattonI am going to talk about the Pattons life in general. This include s his child hood, education, his militarycareer, and his involvement in the world wars.George was born on a ranch on November 11, 1885 in SanGabriel, California. He went to school in Pasadena andlater to the Virginia Military Institute from 1903-1904. Hewas not a good student, but he was an excellent sailor. Hewas also a great track athlete. He took part in theOlympics at Stockholm in 1912 and set a world record intarget shooting. He also won first or second place inswimming, horsemanship, and racing.On May 26, 1910 George married Beatrice Ayer of Boston. They had 1 son and 2 daughters. The son went to West Pointin 1942 and both daughters married army men.In 1904 he was appointed to the United States MilitaryAcademy. He graduated in 1909 and was commissioned tosecond lieutenant of Calvary.He was first involved in an expedition in Mexico as anaide to General Pershing in 1917. He was a member ofPershings staff and went to France and studied French TankTactics and the French Ta nk School. During World War 1, he started a tank training schooland commanded a tank brigade. He was awarded theDistinguished Service Cross for his courge, energy, andintelligence in directing the advance of his brigade in1918. From 1919-1928, he commanded and trained severaldifferent brigade units around the United States. From1928-1931, he served in Washington D.C. as the Chief ofCalvery. He commanded many different calvalry units from1932-1938. During this time he earned the permanent rank ofLieutenant Colonel.During World War 2, he commanded U.S. forces inMorocco, Tunisia, and Sicily. In 1944 he was given command of the third army. Thethird army broke through the German defense and advancedacross France. In March 1945, they crossed the Rhine river

FireArt, Inc. Essay -- Managing Management Business Essays

FireArt, Inc.Diagnosis of team ineffectiveness and corrective action plans FireArt, Inc. has encountered a predicament where their competitors are now able to profitably make short runs in the production of glass. Because of this competition, Jack Derry, the CEO of FireArt, Inc. has asked Eric Holt to put together a team champion person from each division, and have a comprehensive plan for the companys strategic realignment up, running, and winning within six months. Eric, world the newly appointed Director of Strategy, knew his overall goal and creates a formal group in order to fulfill the overall organizational mission of turning the company around. even so even though a formal group is created, there is a lack of specific goals and tasks. Eric who only had experience managing working group with professional from uniform backgrounds actually created a working group than a team. Moreover, the members did not interact with one another prior to coming together, and did not perce ive themselves to be in a group. While the team consists of various division heads of the organization, Randy Louderback the director of sales and marketing does not believe that groups are worthwhile. Eric formed this temporary group, which would ceases to comprise once the job is carried out. This group, although temporary, never really gets off the ground due to lack of leadership-management skills, lack of clear attainable goals, team structure and incompatibilities of the group members. aggroup Dynamics and StructureOne issue that is faced by the group is the lack of team dynamics as well as the pressure being felt to devise and implement a comprehensive plan in six months. Some managers create groups to aide in team dynamics as groups serve functions such as organizational, psychological, and personal. The group that Eric set up was created to generate ideas in order to beat the competition. However, due to the conflict from the team members, idea construct was never brough t about. Additionally, the psychological functions that give an outlet for affiliation needs and the personal functions of increased self-esteem, increased security, and a sense of identity are never achieved. With the foundation garment of his group, Eric was faced with a peer, in particular, that strongly believes that groups are useless. There are variables that affect the integration in groups of org... ...uctive conceptualiseing will help members think better to solve problems and contribute innovative ideas. The lack of ideas is demonstrated on how the first couple of times the members met they had difficulty coming up with innovative/ fictive ideas on how to solve the companys troubles. Also, when Ray, Maureen, and Carl presented their ideas they did not challenge Randys comment, Lets do everything, why dont we, including redesign the kitchen sink If they had, the team could have had an open discussion on the merits of each and possibly evolved into a more cohesive problem solving group. Lastly, FireArt Inc. is family owned profession and probably Jack Derry ultimately authorizes a lot of decisions. However, for the team to be fully effective it will be important for the team to be give decision-making authority. This will prevent the team from forming easily acceptable and non-controversial solutions to the problem. Once the team is functioning properly any ideas on how save the company must be accepted. It is also important for the team to be aware that they are anchored in organizational realities that are outside of their control and affect the success of their efforts.

Cryptography :: Exploratory Essays

cryptographyCryptography is the science of preparing communication intended to be intelligible only to the person possessing the nominate or method of developing the hidden meaning by cryptoanalysis employ apparently incoherent text (Encarta Encyclopedia). The movie mercury rising is a superb example of cryptography. Its about a bitty boy who is autistic. The little boy kitty do puzzles such as cryptography easily. One solar day while on the computer the boy cracks a highschoolly closelipped government recruit. The governmental agency wants the young boy found and killed for cracking the code it took years to write. Cryptography started a long, long time ago with Julius Caesar. When he wanted only his people to know something he used cryptography. He did this by replacing As with Ds, Bs with Es, and so on d take the alphabet. This was known as shift by 3, for obvious reasons. The Jewish writers also used a code of their own called Atbash. They did it by reversing the alphab et, they used the last letter of the alphabet in place of the first, the succeeding(prenominal) to last for the second, and so on. Atbash is exemplified in the Bible, Jeremiah 2525, where Sheshech is written for Babel (Babylon). As you can see, cryptography has been used for many years and is continuing to become more high tech. The term cryptography is sometimes restricted to the use of ciphers, that is, to methods of transposing the garner of unornamented text (unencrypted) messages, or to methods involving the reversal of other garner or symbols for the original letters of a message. And to various combinations of such methods, all according to pre position systems. Ciphers of various types keep been and can be devised. All of them fall into to one of two categories, transposition and substitution. In transportation ciphers, the message is usually written, without word divisions. They are rows of letters arranged in a rectangular block. The letters are then transposed in a p rearranged order such as by vertical columns, diagonals, or spirals. There are two types of ciphers, simple and complex. In a simple substitution cipher is particular letter or symbol is substituted for each. In a multiple substitution (polyalphabetic) ciphers, a keyword of number is employed. And in more complicated polyalphabetic systems, the letters of the keyword may tell which of a series of mixed substitution alphabets is to be used to encipher each letter of the message.Cryptography Exploratory EssaysCryptographyCryptography is the science of preparing communication intended to be intelligible only to the person possessing the key or method of developing the hidden meaning by cryptoanalysis using apparently incoherent text (Encarta Encyclopedia). The movie mercury rising is a good example of cryptography. Its about a little boy who is autistic. The little boy can do puzzles such as cryptography easily. One day while on the computer the boy cracks a highly secretive governm ent code. The governmental agency wants the young boy found and killed for cracking the code it took years to write. Cryptography started a long, long time ago with Julius Caesar. When he wanted only his people to know something he used cryptography. He did this by replacing As with Ds, Bs with Es, and so on down the alphabet. This was known as shift by 3, for obvious reasons. The Jewish writers also used a code of their own called Atbash. They did it by reversing the alphabet, they used the last letter of the alphabet in place of the first, the next to last for the second, and so on. Atbash is exemplified in the Bible, Jeremiah 2525, where Sheshech is written for Babel (Babylon). As you can see, cryptography has been used for many years and is continuing to become more high tech. The term cryptography is sometimes restricted to the use of ciphers, that is, to methods of transposing the letters of plain text (unencrypted) messages, or to methods involving the substitution of other l etters or symbols for the original letters of a message. And to various combinations of such methods, all according to prearranged systems. Ciphers of various types have been and can be devised. All of them fall into to one of two categories, transposition and substitution. In transportation ciphers, the message is usually written, without word divisions. They are rows of letters arranged in a rectangular block. The letters are then transposed in a prearranged order such as by vertical columns, diagonals, or spirals. There are two types of ciphers, simple and complex. In a simple substitution cipher is particular letter or symbol is substituted for each. In a multiple substitution (polyalphabetic) ciphers, a keyword of number is employed. And in more complicated polyalphabetic systems, the letters of the keyword may tell which of a series of mixed substitution alphabets is to be used to encipher each letter of the message.

Cryptography :: Exploratory Essays

cryptogramCryptography is the science of preparing communication intended to be intelligible only to the person possessing the get a line or method of developing the hidden meaning by cryptoanalysis using apparently incoherent text (Encarta Encyclopedia). The movie mercury rising is a heartfelt example of cryptography. Its about a lower-ranking boy who is autistic. The little boy bay window do puzzles such as cryptography easily. One day while on the computer the boy cracks a naughtyly uncommunicative government code. The governmental agency wants the young boy found and killed for cracking the code it took years to write. Cryptography started a long, long time ago with Julius Caesar. When he wanted only his people to know something he used cryptography. He did this by replacing As with Ds, Bs with Es, and so on d protest the alphabet. This was known as shift by 3, for obvious reasons. The Jewish writers also used a code of their own called Atbash. They did it by reversing t he alphabet, they used the last letter of the alphabet in place of the first, the coterminous to last for the second, and so on. Atbash is exemplified in the Bible, Jeremiah 2525, where Sheshech is written for Babel (Babylon). As you can see, cryptography has been used for many years and is continuing to become more high tech. The term cryptography is sometimes restricted to the use of ciphers, that is, to methods of transposing the earn of obviously text (unencrypted) messages, or to methods involving the telephone exchange of other letter or symbols for the original letters of a message. And to various combinations of such methods, all according to pre put systems. Ciphers of various types concur been and can be devised. All of them fall into to one of two categories, transposition and substitution. In transportation ciphers, the message is usually written, without word divisions. They are rows of letters arranged in a rectangular block. The letters are then transposed in a p rearranged order such as by vertical columns, diagonals, or spirals. There are two types of ciphers, simple and complex. In a simple substitution cipher is particular letter or symbol is substituted for each. In a multiple substitution (polyalphabetic) ciphers, a keyword of number is employed. And in more complicated polyalphabetic systems, the letters of the keyword may tell which of a series of mixed substitution alphabets is to be used to encipher each letter of the message.Cryptography Exploratory EssaysCryptographyCryptography is the science of preparing communication intended to be intelligible only to the person possessing the key or method of developing the hidden meaning by cryptoanalysis using apparently incoherent text (Encarta Encyclopedia). The movie mercury rising is a good example of cryptography. Its about a little boy who is autistic. The little boy can do puzzles such as cryptography easily. One day while on the computer the boy cracks a highly secretive governm ent code. The governmental agency wants the young boy found and killed for cracking the code it took years to write. Cryptography started a long, long time ago with Julius Caesar. When he wanted only his people to know something he used cryptography. He did this by replacing As with Ds, Bs with Es, and so on down the alphabet. This was known as shift by 3, for obvious reasons. The Jewish writers also used a code of their own called Atbash. They did it by reversing the alphabet, they used the last letter of the alphabet in place of the first, the next to last for the second, and so on. Atbash is exemplified in the Bible, Jeremiah 2525, where Sheshech is written for Babel (Babylon). As you can see, cryptography has been used for many years and is continuing to become more high tech. The term cryptography is sometimes restricted to the use of ciphers, that is, to methods of transposing the letters of plain text (unencrypted) messages, or to methods involving the substitution of other l etters or symbols for the original letters of a message. And to various combinations of such methods, all according to prearranged systems. Ciphers of various types have been and can be devised. All of them fall into to one of two categories, transposition and substitution. In transportation ciphers, the message is usually written, without word divisions. They are rows of letters arranged in a rectangular block. The letters are then transposed in a prearranged order such as by vertical columns, diagonals, or spirals. There are two types of ciphers, simple and complex. In a simple substitution cipher is particular letter or symbol is substituted for each. In a multiple substitution (polyalphabetic) ciphers, a keyword of number is employed. And in more complicated polyalphabetic systems, the letters of the keyword may tell which of a series of mixed substitution alphabets is to be used to encipher each letter of the message.

Unit 4 Per Diary Task

Unit 4 Practice Evidence Record Diary 4. 1-During my time at placement I take aim got had to encourage children to use resources in a safe and controlled way. For example while working outside in the settings back garden the children wanted to play on the slide. For children to be playing on the slide they will need to climb up from the one side where there are steps. However I make sure that I was close by in case a child injures themselves.While supporting the children I also allow myself to encourage the children to hold onto the balusters allowing them to have a steady balance, preventing them from falling. Due to keeping children safe and secure I am able to acknowledge that I am suppose to be asking the children not to run to fast and ensure that I am providing positive instructions for example to take turns on the slide allowing all the children to have a chance in playing on the slide I also supervised the children during the activity to make sure they were safe.It states i n Tassoni. P et al Heinemann 4th edition child care and education cache level 3 that P. Tassoni, 2007, page, 218 sayshealth and safety policy- this will give guidelines on how to keep children, parents and rung safe, for example guidelines on handing over children at the end of a session safely. However this practice shows that I am able to follow all policies and procedures such(prenominal) as the Health and Safety Work Act 1974 or the Equal opportunity policy.

Is Joko Widodo a Good Leader?

Joko Widodo or better known by his nickname Jokowi is a politician in Indonesia and the current governor of Jakarta period 2012 until 2017. Jokowi graduated with an engineering degree from the Faculty of Forestry at Gadjah Mada University in 1985. He was as the mayor of Sukarta on period 2005 until 2012, before him shortly being a regulator of Jakata. He was nominated in the Indonesian Democratic Party-Struggle to run in the Governor election of Jakarta 2012 with his running couple up Basuki Tjahaja Purnama.He was elected as Governor of Jakarta on 20 September 2012 after a second round of voting in which he defeated incumbent previous Governor of Jakarta Fauzi Bowo. While running for the office of mayor of Surakarta, many doubted the ability of a man who fiddleed as a property and furniture businessman, but after a year in office, he successfully led many progressive breakthroughs which became widely praised nationally. He take the development framework of European cities (which he frequently traveled to as a businessman) into his own city of Surakarta.Bases on Wikipedia, Joko Widodo was chosen by the Tempo magazine as one of the Top 10 Indonesian Mayors of 2008. In 2011, he was awarded the Bintang Jasa Utama by the government. The next year, he received 3rd place of the 2012 World Mayor Prize for Transforming a crime-ridden city into a regional center for art and culture and an attractive city to tourists. Jokowi has vision and mission to lead Jakarta and calculate all the problem that is not the simple problem, but very complicated and complex. Jakarta is a big city and also has a big population. Governor of Jakarta is just as a political attractor, but also to mange this city.Jakarta has some problem such as traffic and also floods if on that point is heavy rain and still many problem that have to solve by a leader. Jokowis vision is to make new face Jakarta, slap-up new-fashioned city and also humane, with leadership and good government and also s erve the residents. To realize that vision, he also make some mission, that are tailfin and one of that is make Jakarta as a city that is free from chronic problems such as traffic jams, floods, slums, waste and others. And then some work plan of Jokowi to make green areas to ebb the floods and also the reservoir to relocate rainwater.And also he will increase the public transportation that environmentally friendly, to decrease private transport users and would switch to use public transport and then more efficient and safe. For the conclusion, I think he is a good leader for Jakarta even several problems in Jakarta still not solve yet by him, but he still try to solve. As we know, Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia, the problems is not only one but so many problems. He should manage Jakarta to be a neat modern city and also he visited flood victims when the big flood in Jakarta for several times. That is to show his responsibility as the Governor of Jakarta.

Cold War and for its continuance to1956 Essay

How far do you agree that ideological rivalry between the superpowers was primarily responsible for two the origin of the Cold War and for its continuance to 1956?Certainly, the ideological rivalry that existed between the East and the West, concerning Communism and Capitalism was the largest factor to fuel the lengthy cold war, provided there were other(a) sm all tolder factors that inflamed the conflict and ensured its continuance. Almost all of these factors rear end be drawn back to the fundamental contradictory ideologies and most of which were reactions against the others respective policies, such as Comecome was the Soviet response to the Truman doctrine/ Marshall Aid, and the Warsaw Pact a reaction to the creation of NATO.As the routine World War came to an closure in 1945 it became clear that pre-war revulsion for the respective ideologies was ready to once again rear its ugly head. The war time joining between the US and the Soviet nitty-gritty had existed simply t o unite against an enemy that if faced al whizz, uncomplete could have overthr take. By 1945 it was obvious that Hitler and Nazi Germany were reaching the end of their powerful and destructive lifetime. With the downfall of their enemy, the two superpowers had no common ground and were therefore left to return to their nations and their respective pre-war international policies.Both Russian and American ideologies can still be undecomposedy understood or explained by looking at their individual roots. America, as it stands today was pieceed less than two one hundred years ago, with such a short national history and no legs to stand on, it is no wonder they are so scared of other ideologies, and insist on enforcing their bogus democracy, liberty and freedom on other countries with no allowance or acceptance of other focal points of living.The basis of US distant policy since 1945 has been the idea of containment, sketched out by George Kennan in the Long Telegram of 1946. Ken nan argued that the methods and goals of the US and the SU were irreconcilcapable and therefore the US should prepare for a long struggle. At some point the illegitimate government of the SU would collapse from within and the struggle would be over, as close to perfect prophecy of what was to happen years former(a)r.During the late Middle Ages, Russia had been isolated from Europe by Mongol occupation, once Russia gained its freedom from the Mongol yoke and attempted to become a European power, it found that it lacked the technology and culture of the West. Furthermore, it was an underdeveloped peasant society, embracing enormous geographical expanse. The challenge was to change and modernize the country. Russian leaders from Ivan the Terrible onwards were all faced with the problem of transforming this backward society. In 1917, the Bolsheviks inherited these traditional Russian preoccupations however they also inherited a desire to define themselves and pursue her own unique nati onal calling rather than simply follow in a Western pattern of development. The Soviet Union, Stalin declared, did not need the West, just now could play along on its own.Additionally, while the Bolsheviks embraced the Marxist vision of a universal pattern of development, they also inherited Marxs ambivalent attitude to capitalist economy and his desire to affect its destruction. Suspicion of the West thus came to be deeply embedded in the Bolshevik mentality the West was the enemy against which Bolshevism defined its identity. It was therefore, essentially, a antiphonal identity Soviet socialism, constructed as a protest against Western capitalism, was an anti-world to Capitalism (Kotkin 1995).Personality clashes between the two superpower leaders, Stalin and any of the US Presidents once again comes back to their completely opposing ideological beliefs and their individual fears of the others possible world domination. So when Stalin died in 1953 it was unclear how, or even if , Soviet politics could maintain its hard-line policies both internationally against America and internally. However, in 1956 Khrushchev, the new Soviet leader made his famous secret speech, clearly criticizing Stalin this, almost even more clearly than even Stalins death, signified the end of Stalinism. Khrushchevs appointment marked the end of the relationship between Stalin and the West. Brimming with irresponsible ideas for peaceful coexistence, and a much larger power base than Stalins dictatorship ever allowed, the relationship between Khrushchev and the west began, and thats a intact other story.The Cold War was an ideological and geographical struggle between two opposing systems. Equally important, it was a struggle that took place during the first liter years of the nuclear age, and the existence of nuclear weapons greatly affected the nature of the struggle. The black cloud of nuclear Armageddon hung over the entire cold war period. Yet, thankfully, the bombard was ne ver used to attack after 1945 by either the United States or the Soviet Union.Although this war was nothing like either the first or second world war, the rest of the world was dragged in too. The Korean War was labeled the cold war in the east by one historiographer. (sorry know this bit should be much much longer)At no point in history, from before the 16th century have two superpowers been able to coexist, there has always been a single hegemonic power. Yet Hollands influence in the 16th century and Portugals colonization of Spain and South America, and even the British Empire would never have been labeled superpowers. Perhaps this is because although these countries had influence, they did not have the power to destroy the world at the press of a button. Nonetheless in this nuclear era there is even less room for two major powers, and even though the ideologies are complete opposites, the cold war can be explained as a power struggle between two big kids, fighting for their rig ht to be the biggest bully in the playground.Although this certainly wasnt the first, or indeed the last, war that America has won I feel that this is almost the most important win in US, indeed even world, history. The bout of two superpowers, both with the ability to destroy the world, and that only, by the collapse of the Soviet Union in the late 20th century, allowed the US to appear as the winner and assume the position of the worlds only superpower and subtly declare itself world leader. I believe the cold war is one of the largest factors for causing the American superiority which had the cold war had a different outcome perhaps would have been suppressed or even seen the Soviet Union develop the ignorance and superiority that is so fiercely disliked by much of the world.I fully agree that fundamentally the cold war was a meeting between the United States and the Soviet Union, fuelled on both sides by the belief that the ideology of the other side had to be destroyed. It i s because of this that co-existence was not possible- one side could only win at the expense of the other, no matter how long either side had to wait for their victory, the ideological hatred ran so deep that both sides that neither side was prepared to jeopardize their own way of life for the benefit of the other. The Soviet Union held to Lenins belief that conflict between communism and capitalism was inevitable.The United States believed that peace and stability in the world would only emerge when the evil of communism had been exorcised. At the ideological level Moscows communist world-view, which saw capitalism as absolute evil, fed off Washingtons world-view, which saw communism as an absolute evil, and in this way helped to sustain the others prophecy. Every action that either power took was followed by an almost immediate reaction from the other, the continuation of the Cold War not only until 1956 but until the Soviet Unions downfall in 1970/80s, was continually fueled by a ctions and reactions which were sometimes insignificant but which also brought the world closer than ever to a full scale nuclear war.BibliographyStalinism, An Overview P. Boobbyer 2000The Cold War John W. MasonSarah Holtam Page 1 2/5/8/2007

One fine example of which is religion Essay

Once again after age of oppression the natives savored freedom for the early time. However, one cannot deny the fact the three hundred years of colonization has brought about changes in society that until now is evident in the daily support of its Citizens. One fine example of which is Religion. The Spanish empire was indeed victorious in spreading the Catholic faith since as of the 2000 census, 87. 9% of its citizens claim to be Catholics. Churches that were built at the time of the Spaniards were maintained by the devotees and the church still holds power in society.Another by product of the colonization is the prevalent voice communication which is Spanish. This is the most widely used language in Mexico and followed by English. Spanish has also taken different versions in the country. The language therefore is Localized which go away only in accents and tones. There are still parts of the country that uses their native language however it cant be denied that almost the comp lete of Mexico is using Spanish as their primary language. Spanish Colonialism can also be observed in the names of its people.Since together with baptism the friars had given them new names, oftentimes of the population today have Spanish names. Example of which is Jose, Maria, Juan and etc. Further more the population of Mexico is largely constituted of mixed blooded Spaniards who proudly drive with them Spanish names. The country has been branded as a Mestizo country wherein 60 to 70 percent of its population is composed of Mestizo. This is what three hundred years of colonialism did to the country. It has not only changed thief religion but their identity as well.Bibliography Almanac, World.Aztec People Today. USA World Almanac Education Group, 2005. Anderson, J. O. Pre-Hispanic Aztec Colorists El Palacio. vol. 55 (1948). Anna, herds grass E. , The Fall of the Royal Government in Mexico City, Lincoln, NE. , University of Nebraska Press, 1978 MacLachlan, Colin M. , and Rodriq uez O. , Jaime E. , The Forging of the Cosmic Race, A Reinterpretation of Colonial Mexico, Expanded Edition, University of California Press, Berkley and Los Angeles, California, 1990 Ruiz, Ramon Eduardo, Triumphs and Tragedy, a History of the Mexican People, W. W. Norton & Company, untested York, 1992.

Smu Solved Assignments

MB0044 Production & Ope rations precaution Assignment check off 1 1. What argon the components of schemas productiveness? Explain how CAD and CIM help in improving productivity. Production counselling encompasses all activities which go into conversion of a sate of inputs into sacrificeoffs which be accustomful to incur human commands. It involves the identification of the perquisite materials, knowledge of the physical processes, and installation of equipments necessary to convert or trans stool the materials to products. System productivity is generally expressed as the ratio of eruptputs to inputs.Productivity tolerate be calculated for a angiotensin-converting enzyme operation, a functional unit, a department division or a proposet. It is a measure of the efficacy of the system and looks at the economies come upond during the processes. Every process impart realize turn of events of contributors-people machines, facilitating goods, ancillary equipments, tec hnology, etc. Which help in achieving maximum productivity each part attempting to enhance the contribution of other elements? Enhancement of productivity is achieved by either cut down the inputs for the same turn upput or increasing the output by exploitation the same input. Opportunities exist at all acts of the work guide.The entire system of introduce measures for increasing productivity. However in actual manufacturing situations, the inefficiencies pull up stakes dedicate cascading issue in hampering productivity. Communication, issueive review processes and innovative rules will take in optimization of resources. ceiling productivity Capital deployed in plant, machinery, buildings and the distribution system as well as work big(p) be components of the oust of reach and need to be productive. Demand fluctuations, uncertainties of production owing to chip indowns and inventories being crated drag the productivity down.Therefore, strategies argon involve to m aximize the utilization of the pecuniary resource allotted towards seat of government. Adapting to pertly technologies, outsourcing and balancing of the workstations to edit out the pro flock of idle clippings on equipments argon the focus of this section. Computers in formula and manufacturing applications make it possible to remove much(prenominal) of the tedium and manual labor involved. For caseful, the umpteen protrude specifications, blueprints, material lists, and other documents essential to build complex machines good deal require thousands of highly technical and accurate drawings and charts.If the engineers decide structural components need to be adjustmentd, all of these plans and drawings must be changed. Prior to CAD/CAM, human designers and draftspersons had to change them manually, a time consuming and error-prone process. When a CAD system is used, the computer can automatically evaluate and change all corresponding documents instantly. In addition, by using interactive graphics workstations, designers, engineers, and architects can create models or drawings, increase or decrease sizes, rotate or change them at will, and rede results instantly on screen.CAD is particularly valu subject in space platforms, where many unknown design vari suitables argon involved. Previously, engineers fronted upon rill-and-error testing and modification, a time consuming and possibly life-threatening process. However, when aided by computer simulation and testing, a great deal of time, gold, and possibly lives can be saved. Besides its use in the military, CAD is as well used in civil aeronautics, automotive, and data processing industries. CAM, commonly utilized in conjunction with CAD, uses computers to communicate instructions to change machinery.CAM techniques ar especially suited for manufacturing plants, where tasks are repetitive, tedious, or dangerous for human workers. Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM), a term popularized b y Joseph Harrington in 1975, is similarly known as Autofacturing. CIM is a programmable manufacturing method designed to link CAD, CAM, industrial robotics, and machine manufacturing using unattended processing workstations. CIM offers uninterrupted operation from raw materials to perfect product, with the added benefits of quality agency and automated assembly. 2. What do you disgorge by constancy best practice?Briefly explain varied instances of Benchmarking. sedulousness best practice Each industry would ache developed everyplace years or decades. Materials would have changed, processes would have changed. As all products or operate are incriminatet to serve needs of the clients, they tolerate continuous changes both in shapes and features. Because of research that is conducted, materials and methods go on improve incessarily. The companies that were at the force innovate to stay in business as immature entrants would be adopting the latest techniques that the pio neers had taken decades to establish.So the practices adopted by divers(a) securelys in any industry would end up adopting almost similar methods of getting an output required. Such practices would get refined to great extent giving rise what we call industry best practices. These tend to get stabilized or changed owning to the phylogenesis of new equipments which are designed and manufacturers of those with an eye on growing markets which demand higher quality and reduced prices. Competition benefits those who can use all these to their advantage. Industry best practices open up the field for benchmarking by companies which need to improve their performance.Bench Marking It is a method of measuring a corporations processes, methods, procedures and in a way all functions in great detail. Benchmarking is used to understand how these got into the system and what circumstances brought them about. It is a learning process with a few to obtain out whether some of the reasons have ch anged and bring in new processes for improvement.. The metrics that could be used are number of pieces per hour, comprise per unit, number of breakdowns per week, customer estrangement during a week, return on investing, number of returns from customers in a month, inventory turnoer, and many others.As can be seen the figures as found above determine the competency of the organisation. To keep focused, many physical compositions, especially the large ones, select a few processes for purposes of benchmarking. This helps in ensuring constant and deep attention to those thoughts which are to be dealt with. The fol smalling are the types of benchmarking rigids consider. Types of benchmarking Process benchmarking the initiating square focuses its observation and investigation of business processes with a goal of identifying and observing the best practices from one or more benchmark steadfasts.Activity epitome will be required where the objective is to benchmark price and ef ficiency increasingly applied to back-office processes where outsourcing whitethorn be a consideration. fiscal benchmarking performing a monetary analysis and comparing the results in an effort to assess your overall competitiveness and productivity. Benchmarking from an investor perspective- extending the benchmarking universe to also compare to peer companies that can be considered alternative coronation opportunities from the perspective of an investor. Performance benchmarking allows the initiator rigid to assess their competitive position by comparing products and services with those of target firms. Product benchmarking the process of designing new products or upgrades to current ones. This process can sometimes involve reverse engineering which is taking apart contentions products to find strengths and weaknesses. Strategic benchmarking involves observing how others compete. This type is commonly non industry specific, meaning it is best to look at other industr ies. Functional benchmarking a familiarity will focus its benchmarking on a single function to improve the operation of that particular function. Complex functions much(prenominal) as Human Resources, Finance and Accounting and Information and Communication Technology are marvellous to be directly comparable in cost and efficiency terms and may need to be disaggregated into processes to make valid comparison. Best-in-class benchmarking involves reputationing the leading competitor or the company that best carries out a specific function. Operational benchmarking embraces everything from staffing and productivity to office flow and analysis of procedures performed. 3. List out the various automated systems for transfer of materials in the production plant. What do you understand by Line Balancing? Explain with an example. About the automated flow lines we can say it is a machine which is linked by a transfer system which moves the parts by using handling machines which are a lso automated, we have an automated flow line. Human intervention ma is needed to verify that the trading operations ate taking place according to standards.When these can be achieved with the help of automation and the processes are conducted with self regulation, we will have automated flow lines established. In fixed automation or hard automation, where one component is manufactured using services operations and machines it is possible to achieve this condition. We assume that product life cycles are fitly stable to affair heavily on the automate flow lines to achieve reduces cast per unit. Product layouts ate designed so that the assembly tasks are performed in the sequence they are designed at each station continuously.The finished item came out at the end of the line. In automated assembly lines the moving pallets move the materials from station to station and moving arms pick up parts, place them at specified place and system them by perusing, riveting, & crewing or even w elding. Sensors will keep track of their activities and move the assembles to the next branch. The machines are ordered in a sequence to perform operations according to the technical requirements. The tools are loaded, movements are effected, speeds controlled automatically without the need for workers involvement.The flexibility leads to bankrupt utilization of the equipments. It reduces the numbers of systems and rids in reduction of enthronization as well as a space needed to install them. One of the major cancers of new-fashioned manufacturing systems is to be able to respond to market demands which have uncertainties. Prototyping is a process by which a new product is developed in small number so as to determine the suitability of the materials, study the various methods of manufactured, type of machinery required and develop techniques to over come problems that my be encountered when full scale manufacture is undertaken.Prototypes do meet the specification of the componen t that enters a product and performance can be measured on these. It helps in con be reforming the design and any shortcomings can be rectified at low cost. Flexibility has three dimensions in the manufacturing field. They are variety, volume and time. There demands will have to be satisfied. In that sense they become constraints which restrict the maximization of productivity. Every business will have to meet the market demands of its various products in variety volumes of several(predicate) time.Flexibility is also needed to be able to develop new products or make improvements in the products fast enough to cater to shifting marker needs. Manufacturing systems have flexibility built into them to enable organization meet global demand. You have understood how the latest trends in manufacturing when implemented help firms to stay a peak in business. 4. Explain the different types of Quality Control Tools with examples? How do Crosbys absolutes of quality differ from Demings princi ples?Quality Control (QC) is a system of tour technical activities, to measure and control the quality of the inventory as it is being developed. The QC system is designed to Provide custom and consistent checks to ensure data integrity, correctness, and manageness direct and address errors and omissions Document and archive inventory material and record all QC activities. The followers seven are considered basic tools for achieving quality. Flow Chart Check carpenters plane Histogram Pareto Analysis Scatter Diagram Control Chart Cause and onus Diagram Flow Chart It is a visual representation of process viewing the various steps.It helps in locating the s crimpovers at which a problem exists or an improvement is possible. Detailed data can be collected, analyzed and methods for correction can be developed. A sample is shown below lists out the various steps or activities in a particular job. It classifies them as a procedure or a finality. Each decision point generates alt ernatives. Criteria and Consequences that go with decision are amenable to evaluation for purposes of assessing quality. The flow chart helps in pin-pointing the exact at which errors have crept in. A simple chart is shown below. Check SheetThese are used to record the number of defects, types of defects, locations at which they are occurring, times at which they are occurring, workmen by whom they are occurring. It keeps a record of the frequencies of occurrence with reference to possible defect causing parameter. It helps to implement a corrective procedure at the point where the frequencies are more, so that the benefit of correct will be maximum. A sample sheet is shown below. Histogram Histograms are graphical representations of distribution of data. They are generally used to record enormous volumes of data about a process.They reveal whether the pattern of distribution whether there is a single peak, or many peak and also the extent of variant around the peak valuate. Thi s helps in identifying whether the problem is serious. When used in conjunction with comparable parameters, the visual patterns help us to identify the problem which should be attended to. Pareto Analysis This is a tool for classifying problem scene of actions according to the degree of importance and attending to the most important. Pareto principle, also called 80-20 rule, states that 80 perpenny of the problems that we encounter arise out of 20 percent of items.If we find that, in a day, we have 184 assemblies have given problems and there are 11 possible causes, it is observed that 80 per cent of them i. e. 147 of them have been caused by just 2 or 3 of them. It will be easy to focus on these 2 or three and reduce the number of defects to a great extent. When the cause of these defects have been attended, we will observe that some other defect Scatter Diagram These are used when we have two variables and want to know the degree of relationship between them. We can determine if there is cause and effect relationship between and its extent over a range of values.Sometimes, we can observe that there is no relationship, in which we can change one parameter being sure that it has no effect on the other parameter. Control Charts These are used to verify whether a process is under control. Variables when they remain within a range will bear witness the product maintain the specifications. This is the quality of conformance. The range of permitted deviations is determined by design parameters. Samples are taken and the mean and range of the variable of each sample (subgroup) is recorded. The mean of the means of the samples gives the control lines. Assuming normal distribution, we expect 99. 7 per cent of all values to lie within the UCL when we take 3 standard deviations f number Control Limit and LCL Lower Control Limit. The graphical representation of data helps in changing settings to bring back the process closer to the target. Cause and erect Diagram This is a diagram in which all possible causes are classified on quality characteristics which lead to a defect. These are arranged in such a way that different branches the causes are leading the stem in the direction of the discovery of the problem. When each of them is investigated thoroughly we will be able to pinpoint some factors which cause the problem.We will also observe that a few of them will have cumulative effect or even a cascading effect. Deming Wheel Demings approach is summarized in his 14 points. Constancy of purpose for continuous improvement Adopt the TQM philosophy for scotch purposes Do not depend on inspection to deliver quality Do not award any business prowd on price alone Improve the system of production and service constantly Conduct meaningful training on the job Adopt modern methods of supervision and leadership Remove fear from the minds of everyone connected with the organisation Remove barriers between departments and peopleDo not exhort, repeat slogans and put up posters. Do not set up numerical quotas and work standards Give hook of workmanship to the workmen Education and training to be given vigorously State and exhibit top worrys commitment for quality and productivity victimisation the above principles, Deming gave a four step approach to ensure a purposeful journey of TQM. The slope is shown to indicate that if efforts are let up the program will roll back Plan means that a problem is identified, processes are determined and relevant theories are checked out. Do means that the plan is implemented on a trial basis.All inputs are correctly measured and recorded. Check/Study/Analyze means that the trials taken according to the plan are in accordance with the expected results. Act When all the above steps are satisfactory regular production is started so that quality outcomes are insure Crosbys Absolutes of Quality Like Deming, he also lays emphasis on top counseling commitment and responsibility for designing t he system so that defects are not inevitable. He urged that there be no restriction on spending for achieving quality. In the long run, maintaining quality is more economical rather than flexible on its achievement.His absolutes can be listed as under. Quality is conformance to requirements not goodness. Prevention, not appraisal, is the path to quality. Quality is measured as the price pay for non-conformance and as indexes. Quality originates in all factions not quality department. There are no quality problems people, design, process create problems. Crosby also has given 14 points similar to those of Deming. His approach emphasizes on measurement of quality, increasing awareness, corrective action, error cause removal and continuously reinforcing the system, so that advantages derived are not lost over time.He desires that the quality focusing regimen should improve the overall health of the organization and prescribed a vaccine. The ingredients are Integrity honesty and c ommitment to produce everything remediate root time, every time. Communication Flow of information between departments, suppliers, customers helps in identifying opportunities. Systems and operations These should bring in a quality environment so that zippo is comfortable with anything less(prenominal) than the best. 5. Define labour cycle, make perplexity, and scope of go through. List the various put up management knowledge areas?What are the reasons for failure of a lying-in? stick out Cycle A discombobulate cycle basically consists of the various activities of operations, resources and the limitations imposed on them. Definition of Project Management It is the practice of controlling the use of resources, such as cost, time, manpower, hardware and bundle involved in a project, that start with a problem statement and end with delivery of a complete product. Project management involves understanding its scope and various processes in the project cycle. Project Man agement DefinitionAs per PMBOK (Project Management Body of Knowledge, specify by PMI Project Management Institute) Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements. As per DIN 69901 (German Organization for Standardization) Project management is the complete set of tasks, techniques, tools applied during project execution Scope It refers to the various parameters that affect the project in its planning, formulation and executions, Like- The range of ones perceptions, thoughts, or actions.Breadth or opportunity to function. See Synonyms at room. The area covered by a given activity or subject. See Synonyms at range. The length or sweep of a mooring cable. Informal A viewing instrument such as a periscope, microscope, or telescope. Before knowing the reasons of failure we have to know about project. Project is a set of activities which are networked in order and aimed towards achieving goal of a pr oject. Now, the reasons are project failure Incidence of Project failure Projects being initiated of random at all directs Project objective not in line with business objectiveProject management not observed Project manager with no prior experience in the related project Non- dedicated team Lack of complete support from clients Factors contributing to project success not emphasized Project objective in alignment with business objective Working within the framework of project management methodology Effective scoping planning, estimation, execution, controls and reviews, project bottlenecks Communication and managing expectations effectively with clients, team merits and indorse livelihooders Prior expectance of PM in a similar projectOverview of information and confabulation Technologies (ICT) project Involve information and communication technologies such as the word big web, e-mail, fiber-optics satellites. ii) Enable societies to produce, access, adapt and apply information i n greater amount, more rapidly and at reduce casts. iii) Offer enormous opportunities for enhancing business and economic viability. iv) leafy vegetable problems encountered during projects. v) No prioritization of project activity from an organizational position. vi) One or more of the stages in the project mishandled. vii) Less qualified non-dedicated manpower. iii) Absence of smooth flow of communication between the involved parties. These basic reasons lead a project to failures. In the project failures business management and project management is directly involved. From the management point of view it is basic things to care above topics to success of a project. Project is the core business of a company. 6. Explain the various phases in project management life cycle. Explain the necessity and objectives of SCM. This is the initial phase of any project. In this phase information is collected from the customer pertaining to the project and the requirements are analyzed.The enti re project has to be planned and it should be done in a strategic manner. The project manager conducts the analysis of the problem and submits a detailed composition to the top project justification, details on what the problem is a method of solving the problem, list of the objectives to be achieved, project budget and the success rate of completing the project. The report must also contain information and the project feasibility, and the seeks involved in the project. Project management life cycle is the integrated part of management. It is attach with project responsibility or failure of a project.The important tasks of this phase are as follows Specification Requirements Analysis (SRA) It has to be conducted to determine the essential requirements of a project in order to achieve the target. Feasibility study To analyze whether the project is technically, economically and practically feasible to be undertaken. Trade off analysis To understand and examine the various alternativ es which could be considered. esteem To estimate the project cost, effort requires for the project and functionality of various process in the project. System design Choose a general design that can fusil the requirements.Project evolution Evaluate the project in terms of expected meshwork, cost and risks involved selling phase. A project project is prepared by a group of people including the project manager. This proposal has to contain the strategies adopted to market the product to the customers. Design phase This phase involves the study of inputs and outputs of the various project stages. Execution phase In this phase the project manager and the teams members work on the project objectives as per the plan. At every stage during the execution reports are prepared. Control Inspecting, Testing and Delivery phase during this phase.The project team works under the guidance of the project manager. The project manager has to ensure that the team on the job(p) under his, implemen ts the project designs accurately, the project manager has to ensure ways of managing the customer, perform quality control work. Closure and post completion analysis phase upon satisfactory completion and delivery of the intended product or service the staff performance has to be evaluated. Document the lessons from the project. Prepare the reports on project feedback analysis followed by the project execution report. The phase which involve in the above areThe preparation stage involves the preparation and approval of project outline, project plan and project budget. The next stage involves selecting and briefing the project team about the proposals followed by discussions on the roles and responsibility of the project member and the organization. The project management life cycle A Life cycle of a project consists of the following Understanding the scope of the project Establishing objectives of the project Formulating and planning various activities Project execution and Monitor and control the project resources. attempt Management-Risk is defined in ISO 31000 as the effect of uncertainty on objectives (whether positive or negative). Risk management can therefore be considered the identification, assessment, and prioritization of risks followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability and/or impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of opportunities. Risks can come from uncertainty in fiscal markets, project failures, legal liabilities, credit risk, accidents, natural causes and disasters as well as deliberate attacks from an adversary.Several risk management standards have been developed including the Project Management Institute, the National Institute of Science and Technology, actuarial societies, and ISO standards. Methods, definitions and goals vary widely according to whether the risk management method is in the context of project management, security, engineering, i ndustrial processes, financial portfolios, actuarial assessments, or public health and safety. The strategies to manage risk include transferring the risk to another party, avoiding the risk, reducing the negative effect of the risk, and accepting some or all of the consequences of a particular risk.Certain aspects of many of the risk management standards have come under admonition for having no measurable improvement on risk even though the confidence in estimates and decisions increase. Necessity and objectives of SCM- SCM is the abbreviation of bring chain Management. It is considered by many express worldwide as the ultimate solution towards efficient enterprise management. SCM is required by and enterprise as a tow to enhance management effectiveness with a following organizational objective Reduction of inventory-Enactment in functional effectiveness of existing systems like ERP, Accounting.Software and Documentation like financial reports statements ISO 9000 Documents etc . Enhancement of participation take aim and empowerment level- Effective integration of multiple systems like ERP, communication systems, documentation system and secure, Design R systems etc. Better utilization of resources- men, material, equipment and money. Optimization of money flow cycle within the organization as well as to and from outside(a) agencies. Enhancement of value of products, operations and services and consequently, enhancements of profitability.Enhancement of satisfaction level of customer and clients, supporting institutions, statutory control agencies, supporting institutions, statutory control agencies, suppliers and vendors, employees and executives . Enhancement of flexibility in the organization to help in easy implementation of schemes involving modernization, expansion and divestment, merges and acquisitions Enhancement of coverage and accuracy of management information systems. With the objectives of SCM its implementation are required.Implementation i s in the form of various functional blocks of an organization interpenetrated through which a smooth flow of the product development is possible. A relatively new SCM option involves web based software with a browser interface. Several electronic marketplaces for buying and selling goods and materials. Steps involved in the implementation of SCM- There is many steps which involved in SCM implementation are- Business Process, gross revenue and marketing.Logistics, costing, demand planning, trade- off analysis, environmental requirement, process stability, integrated supply, supplier management, product design, suppliers, customers, material specifications, etc. Some important aspect of SCM- The level of competition existing in the market and the impact of competitive forces on the product development. Designing and working on a strategic logical system for better growth through value invention. Working out new value curve in the product development along with necessary break point. U sing it to analyze markets and the economies in product design.Time, customer, quality of product and the concept of survival of fittest. Steps of SCM principals Group customer by need Effective SCM groups, customer by tie tinct service meets those particular segment. Customize the logistics networks In designing their logistics network, companies need to focus on the service requirement and profit electric potential of the customer segments identified. Listen to signals of market demand and plan accordingly- sales and operations planners must monitor the entire supply chain to detect early warning signals of changing customer demand and needs.Differentiate the product closer to the customer companies today no longer can afford to stock pile inventory to rectify for possible forecasting errors, instead, they need to postpone product differentiation in the manufacturing. Process closer to actual customer demand. Strategically manage the source of supply by working well-nigh with their key suppliers to reduce the overall casts of owning materials and services SCM maximizes profit margins both for themselves, and their supplies.Develop a supply chain wide technology system as one of the cornerstones of successful SCM information technology must be able to support multiple levels of decision making. Adopt channel spanning performance measures- first-class supply performance measurement systems do more than just monitor internal functions. They apply performance criteria that embrace bathe service and financial metrics, including as such as each tarradiddles true profitability. MB0045 Financial Management Assignment set 1 Q. 1 Write the short notes on 1. Financial management 2. Financial planning 3. Capital social system 4. Cost of bang-up 5. Trading on beauteousness.Ans 1. Financial Management Financial Management is Planning, directing, monitoring, organizing, and controlling of the monetary resources of an organization. The management of the finances of a business / organization in order to achieve financial objectives. Financial Management is the efficient and effective planning and controlling of financial resources so as to maximize profitability and ensuring liquidity for an individual(called personal finance), government(called public finance) and for profit and non-profit organization/firm (called corporate or managerial finance). Generally, it involves balancing risks and profitability.The decision function of financial management can be divided into the following 3 major areas INVESTMENT DECISION 1. Determine the heart and soul amount of assets needed by a firm hence closely tied to the allocation of notes 2. Two type of investment decisions namely Capital Investment decisions re large sums, non routine, longer term, critical to the business like purchase of plant and machinery or factory Working Capital Investment decisions re more routine in nature, short term but are also very critical decisions like how much an d how long to invest in inventories or receivables financial support DECISION . After deciding on the amount and type of assets to buy, the financial manager needs to decide on HOW TO FINANCE these assets with the sources of fund 2. Financing decisions for example Whether to use external espousals/debts or share cap or retained sugar Whether to borrow short, medium or long term What sort of jumble all borrowings or part debts part share capital or 100% share capital The needs to determine how much dividend to pay out as this will directly affects the financial decision.Financial Planning Financial Planning is an exercise aimed to ensure valueability of remedy amount of money at the right time to meet the individuals financial goals Concept of Financial Planning Financial Goals refer to the fancys of the investor articulated in financial terms. Each dream implies a purpose, and a schedule of funds requirements for realising the purpose Asset Allocation refers to the distr ibution of the investors wealth between different asset classes (gold, property, equity, debt etc. Portfolio Re-balancing is the process of changing the investors asset allocation Risk Tolerance / Risk Preference refers to the appetite of the investor for investment risk viz. risk of loss Financial Plan Is a road map, a blue print that lists the investors financial goals and outlines a strategy for realising them Quality of the Financial Plan is a function of how much information the prospect shares, which in turn depends on comfort that the planner inspires Capital Structure Capital structure of a firm is a verbalism of the overall investment and financing strategy of the firm.Capital structure can be of various kinds as described below Horizontal capital structure the firm has zero debt component in the structure coalesce. Expansion of the firm takes through equity or retained dough only. Vertical capital structure the base of the structure is formed by a small amount of equi ty share capital. This base serves as the foundation on which the super structure of option share capital and debt is built. Pyramid shaped capital structure this has a large proportion consisting of equity capita and retained earnings. Inverted pyramid shaped capital structure this has a small component of equity capital, reasonable level of retained earnings but an ever-increasing component of debt. SIGNIFICANCE OF CAPITAL structure Reflects the firms strategy Indicator of the risk profile of the firm Acts as a valuate management tool Helps to brighten the image of the firm. FACTORS INFLUENCING CAPITAL STRUCTURE Corporate strategy Nature of the industry Current and past capital structure Cost of Capital Cost of capital is the rate of return the firm requires from investment in order to increase the value of the firm in the market place.In economic sense, it is the cost of gentility funds required to finance the proposed project, the borrowing rate of the firm. Thus und er economic terms, the cost of capital may be defined as the weighted average cost of each type of capital. There are three basic aspects about the concept of cost 1. It is not a cost as such The cost of capital of a firm is the rate of return which it requires on the projects. That is why it is a hurdle rate. 2. It is the minimum rate of return A firms cost of capital represents the minimum rate of return which is required to maintain at least the market value of equity shares. . It consists of three components. A firms cost of capital includes three components a. Return at Zero Risk Level It relates to the expected rate of return when a project involves no financial or business risks. b. Business Risk Premium Business risk relates to the variability in operating profit (earnings beforehand interest and valuatees) by virtue of changes in sales. Business risk premium is determined by the capital budgeting decisions for investment proposals. c. Financial Risk Premium Financial risk relates to the pattern of capital structure (i. e. debt-equity mix) of the firm, In general, a firm which has higher debt content in its capital structure should have more risk than a firm which has comparatively low debt content. This is because the former should have a greater operating profit with a view to covering the terminusic interest stipend and repayment of principal at the time of maturity than the latter. Trading on equity When a co. uses fixed interest bearing capital along with owned capital in raising finance, is said Trading on Equity. (Owned Capital = Equity Share Capital + Free Reserves )Trading on equity represents an arrangement under which a company uses funds training fixed interest or dividend in such a way as to increase the rate of return on equity shares. It is possible to raise the rate of dividend on equity capital only when the rate of interest on fixed interest bearing security is less than the rate of return earned in business. Two other terms Trading on Thick Equity -When borrowed capital is less than owned capital Trading on Thin Equity -When borrowed capital is more than owned capital, it is called Trading on thin Equity.Q. 2 a. Write the features of interim divined and also bring through the factors (08 Marks) Influencing divined indemnity? b. What is order level? Ans a) Usually, menu of directors ofcompanydeclaresdividendin annual general meeting after finding the real net profit position. If boards of directors give dividend for current year before closing of that year, thence it is called interim dividend. This dividend is declared between two annual general meetings. Before declaring interim dividend, board of directors should estimate the net profit which will be in future.They should also estimate the amount ofreserveswhich will deduct from net profit inprofit and loss appropriation placard. If they think that it is sufficient for operating of business after declaring such dividend. They can issue but after completing the year, if boodle are less than estimates, then they have to pay the amount of declared dividend. For this, they will have to take loan. Therefore, it is the duty of directors to deliberate with financial consultant before taking this decision.Accounting treatment of interim dividend in final describes of company- First Case Interim dividend is shown both in profit and loss appropriation account and balance sheet , if it is outside thetrial balancein given question. ( a) It will go to debit side of profit and loss appropriation account (b) It will also go to current liabilities head in liabilities side. Second CaseInterim dividend is shown only in profit and loss appropriation account, if it is shown in trial balance. ( a) It will go only to debit side of profit and loss appropriation account.If in final declaration is given outside of trial balance and this will be proposed dividend and interim dividend in trial balance will be deducted for writing proposed divide nd in profit and loss appropriation account and balance sheet of company, because if we will not deducted interim dividend, then it will be double deducted from net profit that is wrong and error shows when we will accommodate balance sheets assets with liabilities. Factors affecting dividend policy. The dividend decision is difficult decision because of conflicting objectives and also because of lack of specific decision-making techniques.It is not easy to lay down an optimum dividend policy which would maximize the long-run wealth of the shareholders. The factors affecting dividend policy are grouped into two broad categories. 1. Ownership considerations 2. Firm-oriented considerations Ownership considerationsWhere ownership is concentrated in few people, there are no problems in identifying ownership interests. However, if ownership is decentralized on a wide spectrum, the identification of their interests becomes difficult. Various groups of shareholders may have different desi res and objectives.Investors gravitate to those companies which combine the mix of growth and desired dividends. Firm-oriented considerationsOwnership interests alone may not determine the dividend policy. A firms needs are also an important consideration, which include the following Contractual and legal restrictions Liquidity, credit-standing and working capital Needs of funds for immediate or future expansion accessibility of external capital. Risk of losing control of organization Relative cost of external funds Business cycles Post dividend policies and stockholder relationships.The following factors affect the shaping of a dividend policy Nature of BusinessCompanies with unstable earnings adopt dividend policies which are different from those which have steady earnings. Composition of ShareholdingIn the case of a closely held company, the personal objectives of the directors and of a majority of shareholders may govern the decision. To the contrary, widely held compan ies may take a dividend decision with a greater sense of responsibility by adopting a more formal and scientific approach. Investment OpportunitiesMany companies retain earnings to facilitate planned expansion.Companies with low credit ratings may feel that they may not be able to sell their securities for raising necessary finance they would need for future expansion. So, they may adopt a policy for retaining larger portion of earnings. Similarly, is a company has lucrative opportunities for investing its funds and can earn a rate which is higher than its cost of capital, it may adopt a conservativist dividend policy. LiquidityThis is an important factor. There are companies, which are profitable but cannot generate sufficient cash, since profits are to be reinvested in fixed assets and working capital to boost sales.Restrictions by Financial InstitutionsSometimes financial institutions which grant long-term loans to a company put a clause restricting dividend payment till the loa n or a substantial part of it is re gainful. InflationIn period of inflation, funds generated from depreciation may not be decorous to replace worn out equipment. Under inflationary situation, the firm has to depend upon retained earnings as a source of funds to make up for the shortfall. Consequently, the dividend pay out ratio will tend to be low. Other factorsAge of the company has some effect on the dividend decision.The demand for capital expenditure, money supply, etc. , undergo great oscillations during the different stages of a business cycle. As a result, dividend policies may fluctuate from time to time. Ans b) Reorder Level This is that level of materials at which a new order for supply of materials is to be placed. In other words, at this level a purchase requisition is made out. This level is fixed somewhere between maximum and minimum levels. Order points are based on customs duty during time necessary to requisition order, and receive materials, cocksure an allowan ce for protection against stock out.Theorder pointis reached when inventory on hand and quantities due in are equal to the lead time usage quantity plus the safety stock quantity. Formula of Re-order Level or Ordering Point The following two formulas are used for the calculation ofreorder level or point. Ordering point or re-order level = Maximum daily or weekly or periodical usage ? Lead time The above formula is used when usage and lead time are known with certainty therefore, no safety stock is provided. When safety stock is provided then the following formula will be applicable Ordering point or re-order level = Maximum daily or weekly or monthly usage ?Lead time + Safety stock Q. 3 Sales Rs. 400, 000 less returns Rs 10, 000, Cost of Goods Sold Rs 300,000, Administration and selling expenses Rs. 20, 000, Interest on loans Rs. 5000, Income task Rs. 10000, preference dividend Rs. 15,000, Equity Share Capital Rs. 100, 000 Rs. 10 per share. Find EPS. Sales Rs. 400, 000 less return s Rs 10, 000, Cost of Goods Sold Rs 300,000, Administration and selling expenses Rs. 20, 000, Interest on loans Rs. 5000, Income tax Rs. 10000, preference dividend Rs. 15,000, Equity Share Capital Rs. 100, 000 Rs. 10 per share. Find EPS. Sales 400,000 Less Returns 10,000 390,000 Less COGS 30,000 S 20,000 Int on Loan 5,000 IT 10,000 325,000 Div 15,000 ESC 100,000 10/- NPAT Pref Share Div No of Shares NPAT 55,000 less Pref Share Div 15,000 40,000 EPS 40,000 =Rs. 4/- 10,000 Q. 4 What are the techniques of evaluation of investment? Three steps are involved in the evaluation of an investment Estimation of cash flows Estimation of the required rate of return (the opportunity cost of capital) Application of a decision rule for making the choice. The first two steps, discussed in the subsequent chapters, are assumed as given. Thus, our discussion in this chapter is confined to the third step. speifically, we focus on the merits and demerits of various decision rules. Investment decision ruleThe investment decision rules may be referred to as capital budgeting techniques, or investment criteria. A sound appraisal technique should be used to measure the economic worth of an investment project. The essential property of a sound technique is that it should maximize the shareholders wealth. The following other characteristics should also be possessed by a sound investment evaluation criterion. It should consider all cash flows to determine the true profitability of the project. It should provide for an objective and unambiguous way of separating good projects form bad projects. It should help ranking of projects according to their true profitability. It should recognize the fact that bigger cash flows true profitability. It should recognize the fact that bigger cash flows are preferable to smaller once and early cash flows are preferable to later ones. It should help top choose among mutually e xclusive projects that project which maximizes the shareholders wealth. It should be a criterion which is applicable to any conceivable investment project independent of other. These conditions will be clarified as we discuss the features of various investment criteria in the following pages. Evaluation criteria A number of investments criteria (or capital budgeting techniques) are in use in proactive. They may be grouped in the following two categories 1.Discounted cash flow (DCF) criteria Net present value (NPV) Internal rate of return (IIR) gainability index (PI) 2. Non-discounted cash flow criteria Payback period (PB) Discounted payback period Accounting rate of return (ARR). Discounted payback is a variation of the payback method. It involves discounted cash flows, but as we shall see later, it is not a true measure of investment profitability. We will show in the following pages that the net present value criterion is the most valid technique of maximize the sharehold ers wealth. Problems associated with inadequate working capital Working capital may be regarded as the life blood of business.Working capital is of major importance to internal and external analysis because of its close relationship with the current day-to-day operations of a business. Every business needs funds for two purposes. * Long term funds are required to create production facilities through purchase of fixed assets such as plants, machineries, lands, buildings & etc * Short term funds are required for the purchase of raw materials, payment of wages, and other day-to-day expenses. . It is other wise known as revolving or circulating capital It is nothing but the difference between current assets and current liabilities. i. e. Working Capital = Current Asset Current Liability. Businesses use capital for construction, renovation, furniture, software, equipment, or machinery.It is also commonly used to purchase inventory, or to make payroll. Capital is also used often by busin esses to put a down payment down on a piece of commercial-grade real estate. Working capital is essential for any business to succeed. It is becoming increasingly important to have access to more working capital when we need it. Q. 5 What are the problems associated with inadequate working capital? A business firm must maintain an adequate level of working capital in order to run its business smoothly. It is worthy to note that both unwarranted and inadequate working capital positions are harmful. Working capital is just like the heart of business. If it becomes weak, the business can hardly prosper and survive.No business can run successfully without an adequate amount of working capital. Danger of inadequate working capital When working capital is inadequate, a firm faces the following problems. Fixed Assets cannot efficiently and effectively be utilized on account of lack of sufficient working capital. Low liquidity position may lead to liquidation of firm. When a firm is unabl e to meets its debts at maturity, there is an unsound position. Credit uprightness of the firm may be damaged because of lack of liquidity. Thus it will lose its reputation. There by, a firm may not be able to get credit facilities. It may not be able to take advantages of cash discount. Disadvantages of Redundant or Excessive Working Capital 1.Excessive Working Capital means ideal funds which earn no profits for the business and hence the business cannot earn a proper rate of return on its investments. 2. When there is a redundant working capital, it may lead to unnecessary purchasing and accumulation of inventories causing more chances of theft, waste and losses. 3. Excessive working capital implies excessive debtors and defective credit policy which may cause higher incidence of bad debts. 4. It may result into overall inefficiency in the organization. 5. When there is excessive working capital, relations with banks and other financial institutions may not be maintained. 6. Due to low rate of return on investments, the value of shares may also fall. 7.The redundant working capital gives rise to speculative transactions. Disadvantages or Dangers of Inadequate Working Capital 1. A concern which has inadequate working capital cannot pay its short-term liabilities in time. Thus, it will lose its reputation and shall not be able to get good credit facilities. 2. It cannot buy its requirements in bulk and cannot avail of discounts, etc. 3. It becomes difficult for the firm to exploit favourable market conditions and undertake profitable projects due to lack of working capital. 4. The firm cannot pay day-to-day expenses of its operations and its creates inefficiencies, increases costs and reduces the profits of the business. 5.It becomes impossible to utilize efficiently the fixed assets due to non-availability of liquid funds. 6. The rate of return on investments also falls with the shortage of working capital. Disadvantages or Dangers of Inadequate or Short Wor king Capital Cant pay off its short-term liabilities in time. Economies of scale are not possible. Difficult for the firm to exploit favourable market situations Day-to-day liquidity worsens Improper utilization the fixed assets and ROA/ROI falls sharply Q. 6 What is leverage? study and Contrast between operating Leverage and financial leverage (10 Marks) Leverage is the action of a lever or the mechanical advantage gained by it it also means effectiveness or power.The common interpretation of leverage is derived from the use or manipulation of a tool or device termed as lever, which provides a substantive clue to the meaning and nature of financial leverage. When an organization is planning to raise its capital requirements (funds), these may be raised either by issuing debentures and securing long term loan 0r by issuing share-capital. Normally, a company is raising fund from both sources. When funds are raised from debts, the Co. investors will pay interest, which is a defi nite liability of the company. Whether the company is earning profits or not, it has to pay interest on debts. But one benefit of raising funds from debt is that interest paid on debts is allowed as deduction for income tax. When funds are raised by issue of shares (equity) , the investor are paid dividend on their investment. Dividends are paid only when the Company is having sufficient amount of profit. In case of loss, dividends are not paid. But dividend is not allowed as deduction while computing tax on the income of the Company. In this way both way of raising funds are having some advantages and disadvantages. A Company has to decide that what will be its mix of Debt and Equity, considering the liability, cost of funds and expected rate of return on investment of fund. A Company should take a proper decision about such mix, otherwise it will face many financial problems.For the purpose of determination of mix of debt and equity, leverages are calculated and analyzed. Concept of Financial Leverage Leverage may be defined as the employment of an asset or funds for which the firm pays a fixed cost or fixed return. The fixed cost or return may, therefore be thought of as the full annum of a lever. Financial leverage implies the use of funds carrying fixed commitment wind up with the objective of increasing returns to equity shareholders. Financial leverage or leverage factor is defined, as the ratio of total value of debt to total assets or the total value of the firm. For example, a firm having a total value of Rs. ,00,000 and a total debt of Rs. 1,00,000 would have a leverage factor of 50 percent. There are difficult measures of leverage such as. i. The ratio of debt to total capital ii. The ratio of debt to equity iii. The ratio of net operating income (earning before interest and taxes) to fixed charges) The first two measures of leverage can be expressed either in book v8lue or market value the debt of equity ratio as a measure of financial leverage i s more popular in practice. Risk & Financial Leverage Effects of financial LeverageThe use of leverage results in two obvious effects i. Increasing the shareholders earning under favorable economic conditions, and ii.Increasing the financial risk of the firm. Suppose there are two companies each having a Rs. 1,00,000 capital structure. One company has borrowed half of its investment while the other company has only equity capital Both earn Rs. 2,00,000 profit. The ratio of interest on the borrowed capital is 10%and the rate of corporate tax 50%. Let us calculate the effect of financial leverage, both in the shareholders earnings and the Companys financial risk in these two companies. (a) Effect of Leverage on Shareholders Earnings Company A Company B Rs. Rs. Profit before Interest and Taxes 2,00,000 2,00,000 Equity 10,00,000 5,00,000 Debt - 5,00,000 Interest (10%) - 50,000 Profit after interest but before Tax 2,00,000 1,50,000 Taxes 50% 1,00,000 75,000 Rate of return on Equity of Company A Rs. 1,00,000/Rs. 10,00,000 = 10% Rate of return on Equity of Company B Rs. 75,000/Rs. 5,00,000 = 15% The above illustration points to the favorable effect of the leverage factor on earnings of shareholders. The concept of leverage is 5 if one can earn more on the borrowed money that it costs but perverting to the man who fails to do so far there is such a thing as a negative leverage i. e. borrowing money at 10% to find that, it can earn 5%. The difference comes out of the shareholders equity so leverage can be a double-edged sword. b) Effect of Leverage on the financial risk of the companyFinancial risk broadly defined includes both the risk of possible insolvency and the changes in the earnings forthcoming to equity shareholders. How does the leverage factor leads to the risk possible insolvency is self-explanatory. As defined earlier the inclusion of more and more debt in capital structure leads to increase fixed commitment charges on the part of the firm as the firm continues to lever itself, the changes of cash insolvency leading to legal bankruptcy increase because the financial charges incurred, by the firm exceed the expected earnings. Obviously this leads to fluctuations in earnings acquirable to the equity shareholders. Relationship Financial and Operating leverageRelationship between financial and operating leverageIn business terminology, leverage is used in two senses Financial leverage & Operating Leverage Financial leverageThe effect which the use of debt funds produces on returns is called financial leverage. Operating leverageOperating leverage refers to the use of fixed costs in the operation of the firm. A firm has a high degree of operating leverage if it employs a greater amount of fixed costs. The degree of operating leverage may be defined as the percentage change in profit resulting from a percentage change in sales. This can be expressed as = Percent channelise in Profit/Percent Change in SalesThe degree of financial leverage is defined as the percent change in earnings available to common shareholders that is associated with a given percentage change in EBIT. Thus, operating leverage affects EBIT while financial leverage affects earnings after interest and taxes the earnings available to equity shareholders. For this reason operating leverage is sometimes referred to as first stage leverage and financial leverage as second stage leverage. Therefore, if a firm uses a considerable amount of both operating leverage and financial leverage even small changes in the level of sales will produce wide fluctuations in earnings per share (EPS).The combined effect of both these types of leverages is after called total leverage which, is closely tied to the firms total risk. MB0046 -merchandising Management Assignment Set 1 Q. 1 a. Explain the different micro-environmental forces with examples. Forces in the micro environment pic 1 The Company Remember, in the previous unit we discussed about marketing mix and marketing plan. Safe Express, a leader in the supply chain management solution wants to hold its number one position in the US $ 90 billion Indian logistics market. The company plans to expand its service areas in the coming months. To meet the targets of the marketing plan, other departments of safe express also expanding their horizon.The Company is coming out with logistics parks in different cities plans to hold seven million square feet of reposition capacity in the next three years and invest Rs 10 billion in three years to meet those targets. The above example shows that the companys marketing plan should be supported by the other functional departments also. 2 Intermediaries Marketing intermediaries These are firms which distribute and sell the goods of the company to the consumer. Marketing intermediaries play an important role in the distribution, selling and promoting the goods and services. Stocking and delivering, bulk breaking, and selling the goods and services to customer are some of the major functions carried out by the middlemen.Retailers, wholesalers, agents, brokers, jobbers and carry forward agents are few of the intermediaries. Retailers are final link between the company and the customers. Their role in the marketing of product is increasing every day. 3 Publics These are microenvironment groups, which help a company to generate the financial resources, creating the image, examining the companies policy and developing the attitude towards the product. We can identify six types of publics 1. Financial publics influence the companys ability to obtain funds. For example, Banks, investment houses and stockholders are the major financial publics. 2. Media publics carry news and features about the company e. g.Deccan Herald 3. Advertisement regulation agencies, telecommunication regulation agency( TRAI), and insurance regulation agency(IRDA) of the government 4. Citizen action groups Formed by the consumer or environ mental groups. For example, people for ethical treatment of animals (PETA) or Greenpeace. 5. General publics a compa

Health Care Communications Methods Essay

You are the communicatings coordinator for a national drug manufacturer. Recently, there fork up been reports of signifi washbowlt negative effects ca mathematical function by one of your medications that are used by a significant population. News reports have alleged that one of the individuals affected is a easily-known globe figure. You are tasked with spoken languageing the news reports and the general commonplace regarding this situation. As one of the head members of communications at DrugsRus for the past 15 years, it has been shown firsthand the belongings of narcotic medications on our local population. These have been analyzed and investigated on a national level.It is only recently that the everywherewhelming craving to the drugs has become widespread within our area spreading like weeds throughout the country. The ontogenesis of drug dependent patients and drug related episodes has resulted in a raised amount of attention and concern from the public. Taking all of this into consideration, overdosing occurrences from incompatible interactions with other medications narcotic, controlled, or non-narcotic properties alike, have resulted in an exceptional need for change within our business concerning patient rules, regulations, guidelines and restrictions.Changes to otherwise generally agree upon medications as well as mandatory authorization approvals upon external medication intake moldiness be reconsidered. Some have been asked by our board members to develop a communication outline to address these needs as well as the impact HIPPA and other regulations will have on this type of communication. The following will include the communication strategy decided upon to take as well as the encountered use of regulatory systems such as HIPPA, followed by the advantages and disadvantages of using traditional, electronic and social media for our healthcare communication.Furthermore, the reasons of each of the components of the communication strategies chosen. Communication Channels Although telecommunications is moving forward quickly at a distressing rate, historically established methods of communication in healthcare are still very successful. These traditional communication channels include face-to-face discussions, telephone calls, post mail, fax, memorandums, board meetings, and reports to name a few. Technology has raised the use of electronic communication methods which has in turn has paved the way for new kinds of social media communication methods.Electronic channels of communication include emails, text messaging, EMRs, two-part radios, instant messaging, overhead audio announcements and video conferencing among many other portable devices. Social media channels include newspapers, television broadcasting, online networking, advertisements, webcasts, and social media websites. Unlike using postal mail, utilizing social media and electronic forms of communication would allow the user to emit and obtain schooling sim ultaneously as well as gain feedback and reply intimately within minutes.There is always a need for previously documented communication, so advantages of traditional channels include the top executive to record and obtain the subject matter that was communicated at a later date for conformation and review. However, the disadvantage is that formal agency are usually stay puted, meaning the message may not be received until a later date depending upon the medium used, such as with postal mail. The advantages of electronic channels are that messages can be communicated online with ease as well as with the ability to save, download and store the information on a storage media for printing and accessing at a later time.This has virtually eliminated the delay of other traditional means by allowing for the same documentation but at an instant as well as allows multiple, simultaneous access. Disadvantages of the electronic means can include invasion of privacy and possible security bre ach as well as it may not reach the part of the public unable to afford such devices or internet access. Advantages of using the social media aspect can attract the attention needed to promote a crossway or expediency intended or drive traffic to the intended website of services.This type of channel has the ability to bring populate together from all over the world as well as allows each person to express their own opinions and ideas, providing well-needed feedback. Disadvantages of this method when not used properly or failed to promote the communication effectively can cause a permanent damage to the companys reputation as this mistake is seen in front of hundreds or thousands of people who also have direct and easy access of spreading their messages online.This way of communicating can also be more time consuming as virtuallyone has to be constantly checking in to make comments, answer questions, and reply to feedback. Regulatory Effects While healthcare organizations are res ponsible to adhere to regulations on a federal level such as with (HHS) Department of Health and Human Services and (HIPPA) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act they are set by state, local, and some private accrediting organization regulations as well.Any method of communication taken in regards to internal employee and patient awareness as well as external partners, patient families, and the general public must obtain and maintain compliance with regulations set forth by all of the agencies involved. It is important to look that under the HIPPA privacy law, any identifying information of any patient must have that patients written consent before their medical information can be shared.This includes the verbal, written, and electronic use in addition to, appointing a privacy officer responsible for compliance to these standards as well as the ability to identify all ways they intend on communicating the patient information (Osborne, M. Ed. ,OTR/L, 2002). One examp le, according to the Joint Commission and HIPPA, (SMS) short message service or text messaging is non-secure and noncompliant with safety and privacy regulations and therefore not permitted (Brooks, MD, 2012). In order to use social media channels the information must be DE-identified to maintain compliance with all federal, state and local regulations.Communication Strategy The guidelines, regulations, and restrictions clean up will educate employees and target patients, to prohibit the use of uncomely medications while receiving treatment at DrugsRus by informing them of the deadly effects and loss of life as a result, using counselors, nurses and physicians through in family unit meetings, group therapy, one-on-one sessions, automated voicemail messages, flyers, and overhead announcements as well as updated patient rules and regulations pamphlets distributed at the medication window, for the purposes of saving lives and promoting sobriety throughout the recovery process. prece pt for Components Educating our employees will be the first line of defense as our staff can educate the patients as well as enforce the new rules effectively. Counselors can discuss adverse effects of combining medications while in one-on-one sessions with patients. Flyers posted on the walls and offered at the check-in window as well as overhead announcements will catch the attention of patient entering and sitting in the front lobby. Group meetings will be held for patients to discuss changes and express their feelings to the highest degree the new rules as well as receive feedback as to why these measures have been taken and were needed.Updated pamphlets will be given to each patient as they enter to receive their medication, ensuring every patient is made aware of these official changes. Voicemail messages will follow to ensure the patients at home will be notified of a change and will be opted to prepare for the transition. The object is to reach all of the sixteen hundred pa tients receiving treatment in enough time to save lives. severally passing day is another chance for an adverse reaction to take another life. In order to implement changes effectively and quickly, all measures of communication must be utilized.Summary In conclusion, as the opiate trend rises among our local and national population, the rise of deaths due to adverse effects of these medications has risen to an all-time high. It is because of the fatalities that a reform of the present patient rules, regulations and guidelines must be implemented and adhered to immediately. As communications officers, we have been asked to develop a strategy to address those needs. We have included some of the present communication methods as well as channels and measures with which to use them effectively.We have included some of the regulations surrounding the legal use of those communication methods. We have given a complete communication strategy which addresses who and what the communication st rategy will involve. We have showed how we are going to implement the communication, where and the results of the communication strategy. We have followed up with the reasons this communication effort is so important to our patients and facility as well as vital to our community as a whole.